Hedge fund bonuses 2022 - Jul 11, 2022 · “If you lose $10m in bank, you go back to zero the next year, and you can get a bonus again,” he says. In hedge funds, losses linger. After multi-strategy hedge funds hired record numbers of bank traders last year, Donnelly wrote a popular piece in June 2021 titled ‘Day One Advice for Hedge Fund Portfolio Managers’. This included some ...

 
Millennium Management is an investment management firm with a multistrategy hedge fund offering. It is one of the world's largest alternative asset management firms with over $58.9 billion assets under management as of June 2023. The firm operates in America, Europe and Asia.. Call sallypercent27s beauty supply

Millennium Management is an investment management firm with a multistrategy hedge fund offering. It is one of the world's largest alternative asset management firms with over $58.9 billion assets under management as of June 2023. The firm operates in America, Europe and Asia.See full list on buysidehustle.com The hedge fund operation made about $28 billion in revenue, while Citadel Securities, one of the world's biggest electronic-trading firms, brought in $7.5 billion. Record revenues from the hedge ...The 25 highest-paid hedge fund managers made a record $32 billion in 2020, up more than 50% over 2019, according to Institutional Investor’s Rich List. A total of 15 hedge fund managers made $1 ...Jan 5, 2022 · Olly Thompson, a London based trading technology headhunter, says C++ coding in a hedge fund is the highest paying technology job available in the financial services industry. For C++ engineers in London, earning £500k ($687k) in the form of a £200k basic plus a £250k-£300k bonus is "100% achievable," he says. Quant Salary and Bonus Levels. Base salaries for entry-level Quant Researchers at hedge funds in New York are around $125K to $150K, with bonuses worth 50-100% of that. So, you could potentially earn between $200K and $300K USD in entry-level roles in this field.Trader salaries - 52 salaries reported. $173,505 / yr. Associate salaries - 47 salaries reported. $49,340 / yr. Quantitative Developer salaries - 39 salaries reported. $72,188 / yr. Senior Software Engineer salaries - 34 salaries reported. $69,481 / yr. Quantitative Analyst salaries - 26 salaries reported.Here’s a list of the largest hedge fund managers in the United States. 1. BlackRock. BlackRock is a well-respected giant in the world of hedge funds, often talked about on the world’s leading financial media, and founded by moguls including Larry Fink, Susan Wagner, Robert S. Kapito, and others. The hedge fund firm has grown to become so ...Centerview's second year analysts, for example, earned $310k according to Litquidity's reckoning; Goldman's earned $220k. Centerview's first year associates were on $580k; Goldman's were on $400k. Admittedly, this may be because Goldman's first year associates have a year's less experience. But for third year associates, there's still a $180k gap.We don't have pod by pod data but we’ve trawled through companies house (the UK register of private companies) to pull the compensation and employee numbers for 20 of the biggest hedge funds in the world in London. Their average pay per head is in the chart below. It’s worth noting that these numbers include all staff at the fund, including ...Nov 28, 2022 · These funds have generated robust returns, with the largest Composite fund returning an impressive 20.5% for the first eight months of 2022. Subscribe to newsletters Subscribe for $39.99/year Below we listed the 30 most popular stocks among hedge funds at the end of June 2022. If you are only interested in large-cap stocks, check out the top 5 stocks in this list below: 30. Wells Fargo ...The GP also earns back its initial $50 million investment. There are now $1.5 billion – $446 million – $111 million = $943 million in remaining proceeds from the investment profits. These are split 80 / 20 between the LPs and GP, so the LPs earn $754 million, and the GP earns $189 million. Base salaries still progress from $175K to $225K at most firms, so lower bonuses explain most of this. To give you a rough idea of the total compensation numbers across levels at the large banks, factoring in deal flow and ranking/performance differences: Associate 1: ~$235K to $350K. Associate 2: ~$285K to $400K.Aug 28, 2023 · Trader salaries - 52 salaries reported. $173,505 / yr. Associate salaries - 47 salaries reported. $49,340 / yr. Quantitative Developer salaries - 39 salaries reported. $72,188 / yr. Senior Software Engineer salaries - 34 salaries reported. $69,481 / yr. Quantitative Analyst salaries - 26 salaries reported. Mar 17, 2023 · Top portfolio managers can now rake in over $10 million in sign-on bonuses at large multi-manager funds. In a race to attract and retain talent, hedge funds have begun to ramp up sign-on... "A top BlackRock hedge fund has shifted its portfolio to put more bets on falling stock prices." Yahoo Finance. 2022. "Value Hedge Funds are Winning in 2022 Thanks to These 15 Stocks." CNBC. 2022. "Tiger Global drops 14% in May during the tech sell-off, pushing hedge fund’s 2022 losses to over 50%." AEI. 2021.Greenwich, CT Based Hedge Fund Hiring a Senior Fund Accountant – $125,000 Base Salary + Bonus: 1: 2$100000 - $150000: 302/14/2023: Management Company Controller – $40B AUM Private Equity Fund – $200,000 Base Salary + Bonus: 1: 2$250000 + 301/25/2023: Treasury Associate Role – $40B AUM Hedge Fund – $125,000 Base Salary + Bonus: 1: 2 ... Apr 14, 2023 · In hedge funds, the fund size and performance are the main determinants of bonuses. As a result, they can range from nothing at all to enormous multiples of the base pay. For instance, $1bn AUM would fetch the portfolio manager a base salary of around $250,000 with a bonus between $500k and $3mn based on performance. Dec 2, 2022 · Top traders have alternatives: hedge funds like Verition Fund Management, Citadel, Millennium, Brevan Howard and Balyasny will be only too pleased to scoop up Goldman's disaffected traders. The exit of Anthony Dewell, Goldman's top oil trader, to Millennium in October stands as a warning: the best traders will expect to be paid. The top 20 hedge fund managers made $22.4 billion for their investors in 2022 excluding fees, according to a report from LCH Investments. The entire industry, however, lost $208 billion in 2022.The typical bonus size is between 15 percent and 25 percent of the profits a hedge fund manager is responsible for producing at the firm. Bonuses are a year-end phenomenon, as they reflect the ... Executives and other individuals across industries are often entitled to receive short-term or long-term compensation in the form of an annual bonus, a retention bonus, a long-term incentive or other combination of cash, stock, options, or comparable equity. This entitlement can stem from an offer letter, contract, compensation plan, or other agreement. Outten & Golden […] Hedge Fund Definition: A hedge fund is an investment fund that raises capital from institutional and accredited investors and then invests it in financial assets – usually liquid, publicly traded assets. In simple terms, a hedge fund is an investment firm that seeks out alternative investments to beat the overall market or reduce the risk of ...Feb 14, 2023 · It would be why managing directors at Barclays and JPMorgan have been leaving for Millennium before bonuses have been paid. Of course, not everyone earns the huge amounts. Millennium doesn't disclose pay numbers globally, but at its London office in 2021, average compensation for non-partners was £903k ($1.1m) per head. Aug 16, 2022 · Financial News notes that Goldman Sachs cut its accrued spending on compensation per head in London from $644k for the first six months of 2021 to just $265k for the same period of 2022. It's tempting to think this is the result of terrible bonuses to come for people in Goldman's London investment banking division, but this seems unlikely. Mar 17, 2023 · Top portfolio managers can now rake in over $10 million in sign-on bonuses at large multi-manager funds. In a race to attract and retain talent, hedge funds have begun to ramp up sign-on... Hedge fund analysts and researchers: Analysts spend their days poring over the financials of the companies and financial products hedge funds invest in. They help determine the fund’s investment strategy. Hedge fund traders: You might think being a trader in a hedge fund is the most exciting job there is. You may well be wrong.Millennium Management is an investment management firm with a multistrategy hedge fund offering. It is one of the world's largest alternative asset management firms with over $58.9 billion assets under management as of June 2023. The firm operates in America, Europe and Asia. The top 20 hedge fund managers made $22.4 billion for their investors in 2022 excluding fees, according to a report from LCH Investments. The entire industry, however, lost $208 billion in 2022.Executives and other individuals across industries are often entitled to receive short-term or long-term compensation in the form of an annual bonus, a retention bonus, a long-term incentive or other combination of cash, stock, options, or comparable equity. This entitlement can stem from an offer letter, contract, compensation plan, or other agreement. Outten & Golden […]Citadel, the hedge fund run started by Kenneth Griffin, posted $16 billion in profits in 2022, while the Nasdaq Composite and S&P 500 posted double-digit percentage losses in the same period of time. Nov 11, 2020 · Quant Salary and Bonus Levels. Base salaries for entry-level Quant Researchers at hedge funds in New York are around $125K to $150K, with bonuses worth 50-100% of that. So, you could potentially earn between $200K and $300K USD in entry-level roles in this field. Last year, Millennium Capital Ltd. employed 566 people (237 professionals and 304 'admins'), up from 428 in 2020. It paid them a total of £511m, or a very generous £903k ($1m) per head. This was 4% more than in 2020. The 16 partners at Millennium Capital Partners LLP also did pretty well for themselves. When salaries and profits available for ...Feb 22, 2021 · The 25 highest-paid hedge fund managers made a record $32 billion in 2020, up more than 50% over 2019, according to Institutional Investor’s Rich List. A total of 15 hedge fund managers made $1 ... Apr 27, 2019 · The 20% performance fee is used to reward the hedge fund’s key executives and portfolio managers. This bonus structure is what makes hedge fund managers some of the highest paid financial professionals. How the 20% Performance Fee is Calculated. The 20% performance fee is the biggest source of income for hedge funds. Ilana Weinstein on Hedge Fund Talent War, Bonuses. The IDW Group founder and CEO Ilana Weinstein comments on the hedge fund talent war and says it is going to be a "really interesting year" for bonuses in 2023. She speaks with Sonali Basak and Kailey Leinz on Bloomberg Television. (Source: Bloomberg) Could not download required scripts.Feb 1, 2023 · Base salaries still progress from $175K to $225K at most firms, so lower bonuses explain most of this. To give you a rough idea of the total compensation numbers across levels at the large banks, factoring in deal flow and ranking/performance differences: Associate 1: ~$235K to $350K. Associate 2: ~$285K to $400K. In hedge funds, the fund size and performance are the main determinants of bonuses. As a result, they can range from nothing at all to enormous multiples of the base pay. For instance, $1bn AUM would fetch the portfolio manager a base salary of around $250,000 with a bonus between $500k and $3mn based on performance.Oct 20, 2022 · That's bad news for the young hedge fund quant developers who've got used to earning enormous money. Salaries may remain at $200k. Those $400k bonuses could prove transient. Wagner says recent pay rises for hedge fund quant developers were “unusual” and “unsustainable”, and fanned by a rising stock market, increased venture capital ... Base salaries still progress from $175K to $225K at most firms, so lower bonuses explain most of this. To give you a rough idea of the total compensation numbers across levels at the large banks, factoring in deal flow and ranking/performance differences: Associate 1: ~$235K to $350K. Associate 2: ~$285K to $400K.Research Associate in HF - Event. Guess it's almost that time of year where #'s are getting communicated. Share below (if possible in below format). I'll get it started: YoE (since Grad / on Buyside ): 8 / 6. Strategy: Credit/Event. Total 2022 Comp (Base + Bonus): 750k (150 / 600) Total 2021 Comp: 1.1M. Notes: fund exp to be down 5-10% this year.Nov 17, 2022 · Bonuses are expected to drop 15% to 20% in hedge funds, the firm wrote, though this may not be the case for all hedge funds. The outperformance of macro-strategy hedge funds in 2022 led Johnson Associates to predict incentive compensation for macro-strategies will be up 10% to 20% from 2021. Hedge funds are giving New York City their seal of approval. Citadel is getting a new office at 425 Park Avenue and Steve Keller, Millennium's EMEA head of business development, has posted some very enthusiastic observations about the city on LinkedIn following a Millennium "on-site" for the fund's "collective" global teams at its head office.Here’s a list of the largest hedge fund managers in the United States. 1. BlackRock. BlackRock is a well-respected giant in the world of hedge funds, often talked about on the world’s leading financial media, and founded by moguls including Larry Fink, Susan Wagner, Robert S. Kapito, and others. The hedge fund firm has grown to become so ...The newly appointed chief executive officer of Sculptor Capital Management Inc. would almost certainly make around $100 million a year, they told the hedge fund’s board. And if results were good ...Hedge Fund Investor Letters Q4 2022. Published on April 9, 2023 at 8:41 pm by Jose Karlo Mari Tottoc in Hedge Fund Investor Letters, News. Share Tweet Email. We will be sharing Q4 2022 hedge fund ...Citadel has turned a million dollars into about $236 million since its start in Nov. 1990. By contrast, $1m invested in the HFRI Fund Weighted Composite Index at the start of 1990, when the ...Oct 24, 2019 · And then you have quant funds giving "400k" offers to kids out of undergrad to be competitive with FAANG, and people assume that's annualized + increasing, when in reality it looks more like 150 base + 150 first year bonus + 100 signing bonus, which immediately falls down to 150 base + no guarantees after your first year. Hedge funds are giving New York City their seal of approval. Citadel is getting a new office at 425 Park Avenue and Steve Keller, Millennium's EMEA head of business development, has posted some very enthusiastic observations about the city on LinkedIn following a Millennium "on-site" for the fund's "collective" global teams at its head office.Jul 5, 2023 · Net P&L before bonuses is $28MM. Overall bonus compensation is ~15% of the net P&L, so $4.2MM to be allocated. Team of four (two junior analysts, one senior analyst, one PM) Two junior analysts get ~$125K bonus (so all in comp around $250-300K) Senior analyst gets a $350K bonus (~$500K total comp) PM left with remaining $3.45MM for himself. These funds have generated robust returns, with the largest Composite fund returning an impressive 20.5% for the first eight months of 2022. Subscribe to newsletters Subscribe for $39.99/yearApr 9, 2023 · Hedge Fund Investor Letters Q4 2022. Published on April 9, 2023 at 8:41 pm by Jose Karlo Mari Tottoc in Hedge Fund Investor Letters, News. Share Tweet Email. We will be sharing Q4 2022 hedge fund ... The hedge fund recruited 12 data science professionals in 2022 and paid an average base salary of $141.1k. Citadel hired less but paid its data staff the most, with two of its four data science hires earning a base salary of $200k. Millennium hired the most data staff of all, but was less generous by comparison.Mar 8, 2023 · We don't have pod by pod data but we’ve trawled through companies house (the UK register of private companies) to pull the compensation and employee numbers for 20 of the biggest hedge funds in the world in London. Their average pay per head is in the chart below. It’s worth noting that these numbers include all staff at the fund, including ... The bonus differential increases with seniority. Six years in, bonuses for researchers at hedge funds increase to 215% of base, whereas at banks they top out at around 48%. The upshot is that at a researcher at a hedge fund with over six years' experience earns three times as much as a VP at an investment bank (£481k to £154k).The 25 highest-paid hedge fund managers made a record $32 billion in 2020, up more than 50% over 2019, according to Institutional Investor’s Rich List. A total of 15 hedge fund managers made $1 ...The 20% performance fee is used to reward the hedge fund’s key executives and portfolio managers. This bonus structure is what makes hedge fund managers some of the highest paid financial professionals. How the 20% Performance Fee is Calculated. The 20% performance fee is the biggest source of income for hedge funds."A top BlackRock hedge fund has shifted its portfolio to put more bets on falling stock prices." Yahoo Finance. 2022. "Value Hedge Funds are Winning in 2022 Thanks to These 15 Stocks." CNBC. 2022. "Tiger Global drops 14% in May during the tech sell-off, pushing hedge fund’s 2022 losses to over 50%." AEI. 2021.Total 2022 Comp (Base + Bonus): 750k (150 / 600) Total 2021 Comp: 1.1M. Notes: fund exp to be down 5-10% this year. YOE buyside: 13. strategy: multi asset/quant. 2022 comp: $5.5mm ($500k base / $5mm bonus)Apr 27, 2022 · The $4-trilion community saw total capital inflows of $19.8 billion during the first three months of 2022, the highest quarterly inflow since the second quarter of 2015, according to hedge fund ... Aug 17, 2022 · Although there are plenty of quant firms who make a big deal out of only recruiting physics and math PhDs, it remains true that the Harvard MBA is also decent preparation for a career in hedge funds. In the last year, 1 in 12 graduates went into this industry, earning a median base salary of $165k with a bonus of $145k. The bonus differential increases with seniority. Six years in, bonuses for researchers at hedge funds increase to 215% of base, whereas at banks they top out at around 48%. The upshot is that at a researcher at a hedge fund with over six years' experience earns three times as much as a VP at an investment bank (£481k to £154k).The bonus pool at some of Wall Street’s largest banks — Goldman, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Bank of America, Morgan Stanley and Barclays — is expected to drop 30 to 50 percent from last year.Jul 11, 2022 · “If you lose $10m in bank, you go back to zero the next year, and you can get a bonus again,” he says. In hedge funds, losses linger. After multi-strategy hedge funds hired record numbers of bank traders last year, Donnelly wrote a popular piece in June 2021 titled ‘Day One Advice for Hedge Fund Portfolio Managers’. This included some ... Hedge fund analysts and researchers: Analysts spend their days poring over the financials of the companies and financial products hedge funds invest in. They help determine the fund’s investment strategy. Hedge fund traders: You might think being a trader in a hedge fund is the most exciting job there is. You may well be wrong.The Field Street Capital Management was the largest hedge fund firm in the world as of 2023. The firm managed assets worth 297.96 billion U.S. dollars that year. It is no surprise that the leading ... Although there are plenty of quant firms who make a big deal out of only recruiting physics and math PhDs, it remains true that the Harvard MBA is also decent preparation for a career in hedge funds. In the last year, 1 in 12 graduates went into this industry, earning a median base salary of $165k with a bonus of $145k.Average Bonus: 55.0k. Total average compensation: 180.0k. All compensation data is courtesy of the 2018 Wall Street Oasis Hedge Fund Industry Report. Averages are calculated using compensation data from 79 different funds. Bayesian Statistics were used to account for standard deviation in rankings.Jan 11, 2023 · Equity hedge funds, where the bulk of the industry's roughly $3.7 trillion in assets are invested, however fared worse with a 10.4% loss, according to HFR data. We don't have pod by pod data but we’ve trawled through companies house (the UK register of private companies) to pull the compensation and employee numbers for 20 of the biggest hedge funds in the world in London. Their average pay per head is in the chart below. It’s worth noting that these numbers include all staff at the fund, including ...Total 2022 Comp (Base + Bonus): 750k (150 / 600) Total 2021 Comp: 1.1M. Notes: fund exp to be down 5-10% this year. YOE buyside: 13. strategy: multi asset/quant. 2022 comp: $5.5mm ($500k base / $5mm bonus)The long book, where top holdings included battered online retailers Alibaba , and Sea , lost around 40%.The fund, managed by Hermes Li - formerly of U.S. hedge fund Och-Ziff - declined to comment.Citadel, the hedge fund run started by Kenneth Griffin, posted $16 billion in profits in 2022, while the Nasdaq Composite and S&P 500 posted double-digit percentage losses in the same period of time. Jul 22, 2022 · "A top BlackRock hedge fund has shifted its portfolio to put more bets on falling stock prices." Yahoo Finance. 2022. "Value Hedge Funds are Winning in 2022 Thanks to These 15 Stocks." CNBC. 2022. "Tiger Global drops 14% in May during the tech sell-off, pushing hedge fund’s 2022 losses to over 50%." AEI. 2021. Observations. Base Salary: Most top Private Equity Associates are going to make between $125k and $145k for their base salary. This is what goes into your bi-weekly paycheck. Bonus: The bonus is a lot harder to standardize, but from my personal experience and that of my peers, the bonus range is typically around 150-200% of the base salary ... The days of eye-popping bonuses for bankers are coming to a screeching halt. Wall Street payouts are expected to plummet by as much as 45% as financiers face economic headwinds and a looming ...The typical bonus size is between 15 percent and 25 percent of the profits a hedge fund manager is responsible for producing at the firm. Bonuses are a year-end phenomenon, as they reflect the ...Jan 6, 2015 · Average Bonus: 55.0k. Total average compensation: 180.0k. All compensation data is courtesy of the 2018 Wall Street Oasis Hedge Fund Industry Report. Averages are calculated using compensation data from 79 different funds. Bayesian Statistics were used to account for standard deviation in rankings. The newly appointed chief executive officer of Sculptor Capital Management Inc. would almost certainly make around $100 million a year, they told the hedge fund’s board. And if results were good ...Base salaries still progress from $175K to $225K at most firms, so lower bonuses explain most of this. To give you a rough idea of the total compensation numbers across levels at the large banks, factoring in deal flow and ranking/performance differences: Associate 1: ~$235K to $350K. Associate 2: ~$285K to $400K.We don't have pod by pod data but we’ve trawled through companies house (the UK register of private companies) to pull the compensation and employee numbers for 20 of the biggest hedge funds in the world in London. Their average pay per head is in the chart below. It’s worth noting that these numbers include all staff at the fund, including ...

Compensation Guides. WSO leverages our proprietary salary data collected directly from finance professionals in the WSO Company Database to give you detailed insight into compensation data and trends by industry, groups and firms. This includes salaries and bonuses collected across positions in investment banking, private equity, hedge funds .... Renee o

hedge fund bonuses 2022

Oct 20, 2022 · That's bad news for the young hedge fund quant developers who've got used to earning enormous money. Salaries may remain at $200k. Those $400k bonuses could prove transient. Wagner says recent pay rises for hedge fund quant developers were “unusual” and “unsustainable”, and fanned by a rising stock market, increased venture capital ... Financial News notes that Goldman Sachs cut its accrued spending on compensation per head in London from $644k for the first six months of 2021 to just $265k for the same period of 2022. It's tempting to think this is the result of terrible bonuses to come for people in Goldman's London investment banking division, but this seems unlikely.Millennium Management is an investment management firm with a multistrategy hedge fund offering. It is one of the world's largest alternative asset management firms with over $58.9 billion assets under management as of June 2023. The firm operates in America, Europe and Asia.The Field Street Capital Management was the largest hedge fund firm in the world as of 2023. The firm managed assets worth 297.96 billion U.S. dollars that year. It is no surprise that the leading ... 2 $3.2 Billion Israel (Izzy) Englander Millennium Management. Griffin’s archrival takes the No. 2 spot for the second straight year after Englander’s funds gained 12.4 percent in 2022.The typical bonus size is between 15 percent and 25 percent of the profits a hedge fund manager is responsible for producing at the firm. Bonuses are a year-end phenomenon, as they reflect the ...December 20th, 2022, 2:03 PM PST. The IDW Group founder and CEO Ilana Weinstein comments on the hedge fund talent war and says it is going to be a "really interesting year" for bonuses in 2023 ...Mar 30, 2023 · Bonuses for Wall Street workers fell 26 percent in 2022, as a slowdown in deal-making cast a chill on the industry after a surge in previous years. ... A select few high-performing hedge fund ... Mar 30, 2023 · Bonuses for Wall Street workers fell 26 percent in 2022, as a slowdown in deal-making cast a chill on the industry after a surge in previous years. ... A select few high-performing hedge fund ... Apr 14, 2023 · In hedge funds, the fund size and performance are the main determinants of bonuses. As a result, they can range from nothing at all to enormous multiples of the base pay. For instance, $1bn AUM would fetch the portfolio manager a base salary of around $250,000 with a bonus between $500k and $3mn based on performance. Below we listed the 30 most popular stocks among hedge funds at the end of June 2022. If you are only interested in large-cap stocks, check out the top 5 stocks in this list below: 30. Wells Fargo ...Strategy YOE in HF YOE in IB/PE Base + Bonus and bonus ... 2021/2022 Hedge Fund Comp. HF. Analyst ... My main career goal is to work for a macro hedge fund and I was ...The hedge fund recruited 12 data science professionals in 2022 and paid an average base salary of $141.1k. Citadel hired less but paid its data staff the most, with two of its four data science hires earning a base salary of $200k. Millennium hired the most data staff of all, but was less generous by comparison.Feb 14, 2023 · It would be why managing directors at Barclays and JPMorgan have been leaving for Millennium before bonuses have been paid. Of course, not everyone earns the huge amounts. Millennium doesn't disclose pay numbers globally, but at its London office in 2021, average compensation for non-partners was £903k ($1.1m) per head. Nov 11, 2020 · Quant Salary and Bonus Levels. Base salaries for entry-level Quant Researchers at hedge funds in New York are around $125K to $150K, with bonuses worth 50-100% of that. So, you could potentially earn between $200K and $300K USD in entry-level roles in this field. Jul 22, 2022 · "A top BlackRock hedge fund has shifted its portfolio to put more bets on falling stock prices." Yahoo Finance. 2022. "Value Hedge Funds are Winning in 2022 Thanks to These 15 Stocks." CNBC. 2022. "Tiger Global drops 14% in May during the tech sell-off, pushing hedge fund’s 2022 losses to over 50%." AEI. 2021. .

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